IP Address
Identifies a device on a network and allows data to be delivered to the correct destination.
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT
Internet Overview
Understanding how devices communicate across the global network.
01
A Global Network of Networks
The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks. Devices communicate using standard protocols such as TCP/IP, allowing information to travel between clients and servers.
Your Device
Client
→
Internet
TCP/IP
→
Web Server
Website
NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamental Computer Network Concepts
The basic technologies that allow computers and websites to communicate.
TCP
Provides reliable delivery of data between devices across a network.
HTTP / HTTPS
Protocols used for communication between web browsers and web servers.
DNS
Converts human-readable domain names into IP addresses.
WEB ADDRESS
URL and Its Structure
https://www.example.com/courses/web/index.html
https
Protocol
www.example.com
Domain / Host
/courses/web/index.html
Resource Path
WEB ADDRESS
Domain Name
A domain name is a human-readable address used to access a website, such as example.com.
DNS translates the domain name into the IP address of the corresponding server.
WEB INFRASTRUCTURE
Web Browsers and Web Servers
Two essential components involved in accessing and delivering web content.
CLIENT
Web Browser
Software such as Chrome, Edge or Firefox that requests and displays web resources.
SERVER
Web Server
A computer or software system that stores website resources and responds to client requests.
STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS
Working Principle of a Website
Follow the journey of a web request from the user's browser to the server and back.
01
Enter URL
User enters a URL in the browser.
02
DNS Lookup
DNS finds the IP address of the server.
03
Request
Browser sends an HTTP/HTTPS request.
04
Response
Server processes the request and sends a response.
05
Render
Browser renders HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
WEB DEVELOPMENT
Client-side vs Server-side Scripting
Understanding where different parts of a web application execute.
Client-side
Runs in the user's browser
✓
Runs mainly in the user's browser.
✓
Common technology: JavaScript.
✓
Used for UI interaction and validation.
VS
Server-side
Runs on the web serverRuns on the web server.
Examples: Java, PHP, Python and Node.js.
Used for business logic and database operations.
<
KEY TAKEAWAY
The Web Connects Users, Browsers and Servers
From entering a URL to rendering a webpage, multiple technologies work together to deliver information quickly and reliably.